Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)

Conversion disorder involves neurological symptoms inconsistent with recognized neurological or medical conditions, including motor or sensory dysfunction such as paralysis, tremor, gait abnormalities, or non-epileptic seizures. Etiology is multifactorial, encompassing psychological stressors, neurobiological vulnerability, and maladaptive brain network activation patterns. Clinically, patients present with abrupt onset of symptoms following emotional or physical stress, often leading to significant functional impairment. Diagnosis requires exclusion of neurological disease through comprehensive examination, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies, alongside assessment of psychological factors. Management incorporates cognitive-behavioral therapy, physical rehabilitation, and education to reduce symptom reinforcement and improve coping mechanisms. Prognosis is favorable with early intervention, although chronic symptoms may persist in untreated cases.