Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorder (Sleepwalking Type)

Non-REM sleep arousal disorder, sleepwalking type involves repeated episodes of complex behaviors, including walking, arising from deep non-REM sleep, with partial or complete amnesia for the episode. Etiology includes genetic predisposition, sleep deprivation, stress, and certain medications. Clinically, patients may perform routine activities while appearing awake but are difficult to arouse, often with injury risk. Diagnosis is clinical, sometimes supported by video polysomnography. Management includes safety precautions, stress reduction, treatment of precipitating factors, and, rarely, pharmacotherapy (e.g., low-dose benzodiazepines).