Language Disorder

Language disorder involves persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities, including spoken, written, or sign language, due to deficits in comprehension or production. Etiologies include neurodevelopmental abnormalities, genetic factors, prenatal or perinatal complications, and environmental influences such as limited language exposure. Clinically, affected individuals demonstrate reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and difficulty understanding or using language appropriate to their age. Diagnosis involves standardized language assessments, developmental history, and exclusion of sensory impairments or other cognitive deficits. Management includes speech and language therapy, individualized education programs, and family involvement to optimize communication skills, with outcomes varying based on severity and early intervention.