Reactive Attachment Disorder

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is a condition seen in children characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness, often resulting from severe neglect or insufficient caregiving during early childhood. Etiology involves prolonged emotional neglect, frequent changes in caregivers, or institutionalization. Clinically, children with RAD show inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior, minimal social responsiveness, and difficulty forming attachments. Diagnosis requires a careful developmental and psychosocial history and observation of persistent behavioral patterns. Management involves stable, responsive caregiving environments and trauma-informed psychotherapy, focusing on attachment and relational skills.