Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

SAH refers to bleeding into the subarachnoid space, most commonly due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Clinical features include sudden, severe headache, vomiting, photophobia, and altered consciousness. Pathophysiology involves vascular rupture, increased intracranial pressure, and risk of vasospasm. Diagnosis relies on CT imaging and lumbar puncture when indicated. Management includes neurosurgical intervention, blood pressure control, and supportive care; prognosis depends on hemorrhage severity, location, and early treatment.