Schizencephaly

Schizencephaly is a rare congenital cortical malformation characterized by clefts lined with gray matter extending from the pia to the ventricular surface. Clinical manifestations include developmental delay, seizures, and motor deficits. Etiology involves genetic mutations or intrauterine vascular insults. Diagnosis relies on MRI demonstrating clefts and gray matter lining. Management is supportive, including seizure control, physical therapy, and developmental interventions; prognosis depends on cleft size, location, and associated anomalies.